The Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Phthisis Bulbi Using Semi-customized Ocular Prosthesis: A Technical Note

Mutilation in the facial region may significantly affect the self-image and personality of individuals. Prosthetic rehabilitation of facial defects could increase the quality of life, thereby encouraging the patients to build up their self-confidence to return to normal social life. Acceptable cosmetic results are often obtained through facial prosthesis. Recovery after the loss of an eye requires proper adjustment to monocular vision and the improvement of appearance with an artificial eye, which is meticulously prepared to match the remaining natural eye. The present study aimed to demonstrate a technique for the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis with stock iris and custom-made sclera to provide aesthetically satisfactory results

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF DRYPETES SEPIARIA (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts obtained from leaves of Drypetes sepiaria (Euphorbiaceae). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these crude extracts were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. In in vitro antioxidant method, methanol extract exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity compared to standard compound, ascorbic acid with IC 50 of 95.43µg/ml (DPPH) and 67.05µg/ml (ABTS). Methanol extract was able to inhibit inflammation by in vitro about 85-90% (HRBC stabilization method) and in vivo about 40-45% (Paw oedema method) anti-inflammatory assays compared to standard produced 50.04% at 6h period. In cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) methanolic extract exhibited IC 50 of 10µg/ml. In apoptosis (flow cytometric assay), the control group showed normal caspase 3 activity in the SiHa cells which was 0.24%, and increased up to 40% after treatment

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF DRYPETES SEPIARIA (EUPHORBIACEAE)

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts obtained from leaves of Drypetes sepiaria (Euphorbiaceae). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these crude extracts were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. In in vitro antioxidant method methanol extract exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity compared to standard compound, ascorbic acid with IC50 of 95.43µg/ml (DPPH) and 67.05µg/ml (ABTS). Methanol extract was able to inhibit inflammation by in vitro about 85-90% (HRBC stabilization method) and in vivo about 40-45% (Paw edema method) anti-inflammatory assays compared to standard produced 50.04% at 6h period. In cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) methanolic extract exhibited IC50 of 10µg/ml. In apoptosis (flow cytometric assay), the control group showed normal caspase 3 activity in the SiHa cells which was 0.24% and increased up to 40% after treatment

Anticancer property of Bryophyllum pinnata (Lam.) Oken. leaf on human cervical cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Bryophyllum pinnata </it>(<it>B. pinnata</it>) is a common medicinal plant used in traditional medicine of India and of other countries for curing various infections, bowel diseases, healing wounds and other ailments. However, its anticancer properties are poorly defined. In view of broad spectrum therapeutic potential of <it>B. pinnata </it>we designed a study to examine anti-cancer and anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) activities in its leaf extracts and tried to isolate its active principle.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A chloroform extract derived from a bulk of botanically well-characterized pulverized <it>B</it>. <it>pinnata </it>leaves was separated using column chromatography with step- gradient of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Fractions were characterized for phyto-chemical compounds by TLC, HPTLC and NMR and Biological activity of the fractions were examined by MTT-based cell viability assay, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Northern blotting and assay of apoptosis related proteins by immunoblotting in human cervical cancer cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results showed presence of growth inhibitory activity in the crude leaf extracts with IC₅₀at 552 μg/ml which resolved to fraction F4 (Petroleum Ether: Ethyl Acetate:: 50:50) and showed IC₅₀at 91 μg/ml. Investigations of anti-viral activity of the extract and its fraction revealed a specific anti-HPV activity on cervical cancer cells as evidenced by downregulation of constitutively active AP1 specific DNA binding activity and suppression of oncogenic c-Fos and c-Jun expression which was accompanied by inhibition of HPV18 transcription. In addition to inhibiting growth, fraction F4 strongly induced apoptosis as evidenced by an increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, suppression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP-1. Phytochemical analysis of fraction F4 by HPTLC and NMR indicated presence of activity that resembled Bryophyllin A.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study therefore demonstrates presence of anticancer and anti-HPV an activity in <it>B</it>. <it>pinnata </it>leaves that can be further exploited as a potential anticancer, anti-HPV therapeutic for treatment of HPV infection and cervical cancer.</p

Setup and implementation of hierarchical scan insertion using the core wrapping technique

The rapid shrinking of the technology node from deep submicron levels to 90nm and below has allowed the complexity of the designs to increase without significantly increasing the chip size. Large designs are now posing many challenges to all design disciplines including design-for-test (DFT). For a System-on-Chip (SoC) with a few million flip-flops and multi-million gates, it has become extremely difficult to carry out DFT activities as full chip test pattern generation and simulation take enormous amount of time and computational resources, thereby decreasing the iterations in the entire design cycle. A hierarchical DFT methodology is employed, which helps in mitigating these problems by performing DFT activities like insertion of DFT logic, test pattern generation and simulation on a module (or IPs/Cores) rather than on the entire chip. To facilitate this, the modules/cores in the SoC are wrapped in such a way that testing of a module does not affect other modules and it itself is unaffected by the testing of other modules in the SoC. The patterns generated for the module are then retargeted from the SoC level. Core/module wrapping, scan chain insertion, automatic test pattern generation and pattern simulation are employed to implement this methodology. Mentor Graphics’ TessentScan is used for core wrapping and scan chain insertion while FastScan is used for generating test patterns. Cadence’s NCSim is used to simulate the test patterns. Employing this methodology has resulted in significant reduction in test pattern generation time and reduction in computational resources. This gain in time can now be utilized to analyze and improve the test coverage and focus on generating effective and fewer test patterns for lesser test time.Master of Science (Integrated Circuit Design